Politics and Civil Rights at the Local Level

I.    Local Government Responses to Minorities

    A.    Sources of Minority Influence

        1.    Size of Population   

        2.    Level of Majority Support

        3.    Effective Combining of Protests with Active Coalition Construction

        4.    Effective Leadership

        5.    Supportive Media Coverage

    B.    Policy Consequences

        1.    Increases in Minority Employment and Elected Officials

        2.    Little Influence on Broad Taxing-Spending Policies

        3.    Citizen Review Boards

II.    Education and Civil Rights

   A.    Segregation

        1.   Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg

    D.    White Flight

III.    Affirmative Action/Group Preferences

    A.    Constitutional Constraints

        1.    Equal Protection Clause

        2.     Significant Supreme Court Interpretations

            a.    California v. Baake (1978)

            b.    Adarand v. Pena (1995)