1. area representation
2. direct election
3. broad national agenda
4. congressional control of bureaucracy
5. specialized committees
6. congressional openness to interest groups
7. weak political parties
8. careerism in Congress
9. direct access to local media
10. jet transportation
CONSEQUENCES OF CONGRESSIONAL FRAGMENTATION
1. stability in policy content
2. emphasis on distributive politics
3. increased power of interest groups
4. avoidance of issues lacking popular consensus
5. heightened attendance to constituency servie
6. declining support of Congress by public
7. increasing support of representatives by local constituency
8. hunt for media attention by individual members
9. establishment of inconsistent national policies
10. diminished influence of congressional and presidential leadership